Chairman of the national sports committee
From the beginning of independence, he had an interest in forming a national sports center organization to show national identity, which was related to sending Indonesian athletes in the early days of the War of Independence to the 1948 Olympics.[27] At its peak, he was trusted to lead and pioneer the formation of the National Sports Committee of Indonesia and became the longest-serving chairman in history and has produced proud achievements for Indonesia in international sporting events.
During a visit to Washington D.C. in 1988, Hamengkubuwono IX experienced sudden, internal bleeding. He was brought to the George Washington University Medical Center, where he died on the evening of 2 October 1988, or the following morning, 3 October in Indonesia. His body was flown back to Yogyakarta and buried in the royal mausoleum of the Mataram monarchs in Imogiri. There is a special museum dedicated to him in the sultan's palace (kraton) in Yogyakarta. He was also given the title National Hero of Indonesia, a distinction for Indonesian patriots. His son, Raden Mas Herdjuno Darpito, succeeded him and took the regnal name of Hamengkubuwono X.
One of the two symbolically important banyan trees, the Kiai Dewandaru planted during the reign of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, coincidentally fell in the Alun-Alun Lor (Northern Parade Square) concurrently with the funerary rites of Hamengkubuwono IX; this was attributed by the Kejawèn Javanese as a sign of the immense grief of even the lands of the kingdom themselves. The banyan was replanted with the approval of Hamengkubuwono X, although it is diminutive beside the centuries-old Kiai Wijayadaru on the east flank.
Hamengkubuwono IX never had a queen consort during his reign; preferring instead to take four concubines by whom he had 21 children. [citation needed]
Hamengkubuwono IX was a fan of Chinese Silat movies and novels.[28] He also enjoyed cooking and headed an unofficial Chinese Silat club which included Cabinet Ministers as its members.
Hamengku Buwono
Template:Infobox Vice President
Hamengkubuwono IX or HB IX (12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988) was the first Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the ninth Sultan of Yogyakarta and the second Vice President of Indonesia during the rule of Suharto.
Born as Raden Mas Dorodjatun in Sompilan, Ngasem, Yogyakarta to Gusti Pangeran Haryo (Prince) Puruboyo and Raden Ajeng Kustillah, when he was three years old he was named Crown Prince to the Yogyakarta Sultanate after his father ascended to the throne and became Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII.
Hamengkubuwono IX had a Western education. When he was four, he was sent away to live with a Dutch family. After completing his primary and secondary education in 1931, Hamengkubuwono IX left Indonesia to attend the Leiden University in the Netherlands. There Hamengkubuwono IX took Indonesian studies and economics. He returned to Indonesia in 1939.
With the death of Hamengkubuwono VIII in October 1939, Hamengkubuwono ascended to the throne with a coronation ceremony on 18 March 1940.
His full title was Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kanjeng Sultan Hamengkubuwono Senopati Ing Alogo Ngabdurrakhman Sayidin Panotogomo Kholifatullah Ingkang Kaping Songo.
During his coronation speech, Hamengkubuwono recognized his Javanese origins and said "Even though I have tasted Western Education, I am still and will always be a Javanese."[1]
The 28 years old young Sultan negotiated terms and conditions with 60 years old governor, Dr Lucien Adam, for four months from November 1939 to February 1940. The main points of contention were:
Eventually, the Sultan agreed to the proposal by the government of the Netherlands, after he received insight that Netherlands would leave Indonesia.[citation needed] In May 1940, the Dutch surrendered to the German Army, and in February 1942, the Netherlands surrendered Indonesia to the invading Japanese army.
During Hamengkubuwono IX's reign the office of the Sultan adopted a more democratic and decentralized approach. An example of this was the granting of more power to local village chiefs and general modernization of the way in which the court was managed. He also changed the ways in which the Sultanate held its traditional ceremonies; doing away with ceremonies which he considered obsolete.[citation needed] In 1942, the Dutch Colonial Government in Indonesia was defeated by the Japanese Imperial Army. As the Japanese Imperial Army consolidated their hold on Indonesia, many suggested that Hamengkubuwono IX evacuate himself and seek asylum in Australia or the Netherlands. Hamengkubuwono IX refused this offer, insisting that Sultan has to stay close to its people in times of crisis.[citation needed] In fact, he saved his people from being sent to Burma to become romusha forced-labors, by asking the Japanese to allow the building of a water canal (the Kali Mataram).
March General Offensive
In early 1949, Hamengkubuwono IX conceived the idea of a major offensive to be launched against Yogyakarta and the Dutch troops occupying it. The purpose of this offensive was to show to the world that Indonesia still existed and that it was not ready to surrender. The idea was suggested to General Sudirman, the Commander of the Indonesian Army and received his approval. In February 1949, Hamengkubuwono IX had a meeting with then Lieutenant Colonel Suharto, the man chosen by Sudirman to be the field commander for the offensive. After this discussion, preparations were made for the offensive. This involved intensified guerilla attacks in villages and towns around Yogyakarta so as to make the Dutch station more troops outside of Yogyakarta and thin the numbers in the city itself.[citation needed] On 1 March 1949 at 6 AM, Suharto and his troops launched the 1 March General Offensive. The Offensive caught the Dutch by surprise. For his part, Hamengkubuwono IX allowed his palace to be used as a hide out for the troops. For 6 hours, the Indonesian troops had control of Yogyakarta before finally retreating. The Offensive was a great success, inspiring demoralized troops all around Indonesia and most importantly, caused the United Nations to pressure the Netherlands to recognize Indonesia's independence.[citation needed]
On 30 June 1949,the retreating Dutch forces handed over authority over Jogyakarta to Hamengkubuwono.[4]
On 27 December, immediately after the transfer of souvreignty was signed by Queen Juliana in Dam Palace in Amsterdam, High Commissioner A.H.J. Lovink transferred his powers to Hamengkubuwono during a ceremony in Koningsplein Palace, later renamed Merdeka Palace.[5]
Minister in the Indonesian Government
After Indonesia's Independence was recognized by the Dutch, Hamengkubuwono IX continued to serve in government. In addition to continuing his duties as Governor of Yogyakarta, Hamengkubuwono IX continued to serve in the Indonesian Government as Minister.[19]
Hamengkubuwono IX served as Minister of Defense and Homeland Security Coordinator (1949–1951 and 1953), vice premier (1951), chairman of the State Apparatus Supervision (1959), chairman of the State Audit Board (1960–1966), and Coordinating Minister for Development while concurrently holding the position of Minister of Tourism (1966). [citation needed] In addition to these positions, Hamengkubuwono IX held the positions of chairman of the National Sports Committee of Indonesia (KONI) and chairman of the Tourism Patrons Council.
Pendidikan Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX
Dorodjatun menempuh pendidikan pertamanya di taman kanak-kanak Frobel School dan Eerste Europeesche Lagere School B.
Setahun setelahnya, ia pindah ke kediaman keluarga Cock dan sekolah di Neutrale Europeesche Lagere School.
Setelah lulus pada 1925, Dorodjatun melanjutkan ke sekolah menengah Hoogere Burgerschool (HBS) Semarang.
Sewaktu sekolah di HBS, ia tinggal bersama keluarga sipir penjara Semarang, Voskuil. Namun karena merasa tidak cocok dengan lingkungannya, ia pindah ke HBS Bandung pada 1928.
Di Bandung, Dorodjatun tinggal bersama tentara militer Belanda, Letkol De Boer. Namun, sebelum pendidikannya selesai, ia diminta oleh sang ayah untuk belajar ke Belanda.
Ia pun berangkat pada Maret 1930 dengan didampingi oleh keluarga Hofland, seorang direktur pabrik gula.
Baca juga: Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, Pendiri Kesultanan Yogyakarta
Sesampainya di Belanda, Dorodjatun sekolah di dua lembaga yang berbeda, yakni HBS B dan Stedelijk Gymnasium.
Setelah lulus pada 1934, ia pindah ke Leiden dan masuk ke Universitas Leiden mengambil studi Indologi, yakni studi tentang administrasi kolonial, etnologi, dan kesusastraan di Hindia Belanda.
Belum sempat menyelesaikan tugas akhirnya, Dorodjatun dipanggil untuk kembali ke Indonesia pada 1939.
Indonesian War of Independence
Directly after the declaration of Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, Hamengkubuwono IX together with Paku Alam VIII, the Prince of Pakualaman decided to support the newly formed Republic. Hamengkubuwono IX's support was immediately recognized by the Central Government with an appointment to the Life-Governorship of Yogyakarta with Paku Alam VIII as vice governor. Yogyakarta's status was also upgraded to that of the Special Region. In addition, Hamengkubuwono IX served as Yogyakarta's military governor and was also minister of the state from 1945 to 1949.[citation needed]
The Dutch returned to lay claim to their former colony. Hamengkubuwono IX played a vital role in the resistance. In early 1946, the capital of Indonesia was quietly relocated to Yogyakarta, and the Sultan gave the new government some funding. When Indonesia first sought a diplomatic solution with the Dutch Government, Hamengkubuwono IX was part of the Indonesian delegation.[citation needed] On 21 December 1948, the Dutch successfully occupied Yogyakarta and arrested Sukarno and Hatta, Indonesia's first president and vice president. Hamengkubuwono IX did not leave Yogyakarta and continued to serve as governor.[citation needed] The Dutch intended to make Yogyakarta the capital of the new Indonesian federal state of Central Java and to appoint the sultan as head of state, but Hamengkubuwono refused to cooperate.[15] The Dutch viewed him with suspicion and at one stage began to entertain the idea that Hamengkubuwono IX was either planning to make Yogyakarta a completely autonomous region or setting his eyes on the leadership of the Republic.[16]
In early 1949, Hamengkubuwono IX conceived the idea of a major offensive to be launched against Yogyakarta and the Dutch troops occupying it. The purpose of this offensive was to show the world that Indonesia still existed and that it was not ready to surrender. The idea was suggested to General Sudirman, the Commander of the Indonesian Army, and received his approval. In February 1949, Hamengkubuwono IX had a meeting with then Lieutenant Colonel Suharto, the man chosen by Sudirman to be the field commander for the offensive. After this discussion, preparations were made for the offensive. This involved intensified guerilla attacks in villages and towns around Yogyakarta to make the Dutch station more troops outside of Yogyakarta and thin the numbers in the city itself. [citation needed] On 1 March 1949 at 6 am, Suharto and his troops launched the 1 March General Offensive. The offensive caught the Dutch by surprise. For his part, Hamengkubuwono IX allowed his palace to be used as a hideout for the troops. For 6 hours, the Indonesian troops had control of Yogyakarta before finally retreating. The offensive was a great success, inspiring demoralized troops all around Indonesia. On 30 June 1949, the retreating Dutch forces handed over authority over Yogyakarta to Hamengkubuwono IX.[17] On 27 December, immediately after the transfer of sovereignty was signed by Queen Juliana in Dam Palace in Amsterdam, High Commissioner A.H.J. Lovink transferred his powers to Hamengkubuwono during a ceremony in Jakarta in Koningsplein Palace, later renamed Merdeka Palace.[18]
Letters Ultimately Published
Kartini's legacy is found in the many letters she wrote to friends in Holland. In 1911 a collection of her Dutch letters was published posthumously, first in Java and then in Holland as Door Duisternis tot Licht: Gedachten Over en Voor Het Javanese Volk ("From Darkness to Light: Thoughts about and on Behalf of the Javanese People"). The book was then translated into several languages, including French, Arabic, and Russian, and in 1920 was translated by Agnes Louis Symmers into English as Letters of a Javanese Princess. In 1922 Armijn Pane finally translated the book into the Javanese language under the title Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang ("After Darkness, Light Is Born"), which he based on a verse found in both the Bible and the Qur'an in which God calls people out of the darkness and into the light. More recently, Kartini's granddaughter, Professor Haryati Soebadio, re-translated the letters and published them as Dari Gelap Menuju Cahaya, meaning "From Darkness into Light."
Kartini's letters spurred her nation's enthusiasm for nationalism and garnered sympathy abroad for the plight of Javanese women. Syrian writer Aleyech Thouk translated From Darkness into Light into Arabic for use in her country, and in her native Java Kartini's writings were used by a group trying to gain support for the country's Ethical Policy movement, which had been losing popularity. Many of Kartini's admirers established a string of "Kartini schools" across the island of Java, the schools funded through private contributions.
Kartini's beliefs and letters inspired many women and effected actual change in her native Java. Taking their example, women from other islands in the archipelago, such as Sumatra, also were inspired to push for change in their regions. The 1945 Constitution establishing the Republic of Indonesia guaranteed women the same rights as men in the areas of education, voting rights, and economy. Today, women are welcome at all levels of education and have a broad choice of careers. Kartini's contributions to Indonesian society are remembered in her hometown of Jepara at the Museum Kartini di Jepara and in Rembang, where she spent her brief married life, at the Museum Kartini di Rembang.
Kartini Day Declared National Holiday
In Indonesia, April 21, Kartini's birthday, is a national holiday that recognizes her as a pioneer for women's rights and emancipation. During the holiday women and girls don traditional clothing to symbolize their unity and participate in costume contests, cook-offs, and flower arrangement competitions. Mothers are allowed the day off as husbands and fathers do the cooking and housework. Schools host lectures, parades are held, and the women's organization Dharma Wanita specially marks the holiday.
In more recent years criticism has arisen regarding the superficial observance of Kartini Day. Many now chose not to commemorate it, and it has increasingly been eliminated from school calendars. What saddens historians and activists is that Kartini has become a forgotten figure for the younger generation, who cannot relate to the achievements she wrought in a repressive society that is now almost forgotten. Historians have also debated the role Kartini herself played in promoting women's emancipation. Other than her letters, some have argued that she was a submissive daughter, feminine but not necessarily a feminist.
The film biography R. A. Kartini was produced to highlight her efforts to promote women's emancipation and education. Based on her published letters as well as memoirs written by friends, the film presents the two aspects of Kartini's life: her brief public life which had minimal effect, and her letters which, after her death, had profound influence on women all over the world. The film, written and directed by Indonesian filmmaker Sjuman Djaya, recreates Kartini's family life, ambitions, and the historical context of life under Dutch colonialism. Kartini is also remembered through businesses inspired by her vision. Kartini International, based in Ontario, Canada, advocates for women's education and rights, and won the 2000 Canadian International Award for Gender Equality Achievement for its work.
Kartini, R. A., Letters from Kartini: An Indonesian Feminist, 1900-1904, Monash Asia Institute, 1994.
—, On Feminism and Nationalism: Kartini's Letters to Stella Zeehandelaar, 1899-1903, Monash Asia Institute, 1995.
Palmier, Leslie, Indonesia, Walker & Co., 1965.
Jakarta Post, April 21, 2001; April 20, 2002.
Chaniago, Ira, "Raden Ajeng Kartini—A Pioneer of Women's Education in Indonesia," University of New England Web site,http://www.une.edu.au/unepa/Gradpost/gp_9.3web.pdf (December 23, 2003).
Discover Indonesia Online,http://indahnesia.com/Indonesia/Jawa/ (December 23, 2003).
Monash Asia Institute Web site,http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/mai/ (December 23, 2003).
Raden Adjeng Kartini (born April 21, 1879, Majong, Java [Indonesia]—died September 17, 1904, Rembang Regency, Java) was a Javanese noblewoman whose letters made her an important symbol for the Indonesian independence movement and for Indonesian feminists.
Her father being a Javanese aristocrat working for the Dutch colonial administration as governor of the Japara Regency (an administrative district), Kartini had the unusual opportunity to attend a Dutch school, which exposed her to Western ideas and made her fluent in Dutch. During adolescence, when she was forced to withdraw to the cloistered existence prescribed by tradition for a Javanese girl of noble birth, she began to correspond with several Dutch friends from her school days. She also knew and was influenced by Mevrouw Ovink-Soer, wife of a Dutch official and a dedicated socialist and feminist. In her letters Kartini expressed concern for the plight of Indonesians under conditions of colonial rule and for the restricted roles open to Indonesian women. She resolved to make her own life a model for emancipation and, after her marriage in 1903 to a progressive Javanese official, the Regent of Rembang, she proceeded with plans to open a school for Javanese girls.
Kartini died at the age of 25 of complications after the birth of her first child, but J.H. Abendanon—former director of the Department of Education, Religion, and Industry—arranged for publication of her letters in 1911, under the title Door duisternis tot licht (“Through Darkness into Light”). The book enjoyed great popularity and generated support in the Netherlands for the Kartini Foundation, which in 1916 opened the first girls’ schools in Java, thus fulfilling Kartini’s ambition. Her ideas were also taken up by Indonesian students attending Dutch universities, and in 1922 an Indonesian translation of the letters was published. Although Indonesian nationalist aims went far beyond her ideas, she became a popular symbol, and her birthday is celebrated as a holiday.
Hamengkubuwono IX was born Raden Mas Dorodjatun in Sompilan, Ngasem, Yogyakarta on 12 April 1912 to Gusti Pangeran Haryo (Prince) Puruboyo and Raden Ajeng Kustillah. When Hamengkubuwono IX was three, he was named Crown Prince to the Yogyakarta Sultanate after his father ascended to the throne and became Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII.
Hamengkubuwono IX had a distinctly Western education. When he was four, he was sent away to live with a Dutch family. After completing his primary and secondary education in 1931, Hamengkubuwono IX left Indonesia to attend the Leiden University in the Netherlands. In Holland, Hamengkubuwono IX took Indonesian studies and economics. He returned to Indonesia in 1939.
With the death of Hamengkubuwono VIII in October 1939, Hamengkubuwono ascended to the throne with a coronation ceremony on March 18, 1940. His full title is “Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kanjeng Sultan Hamengkubuwono Senopati Ing Alogo Ngabdurrakhman Sayidin Panotogomo Kholifatullah Ingkang Kaping Songo.” During his coronation speech, Hamengkubuwono recognized his Javanese origins and said “Even though I have tasted Western Education, I am still and will always be a Javanese.”[1]
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX also became a noted reformer. In his reign, the office of the Sultan adopted a more democratic and decentralized approach. An example of this was the granting of more power to local village chiefs and general modernization of the way in which the court was managed. Hamengkubuwono IX also changed the ways in which the Sultanate held its traditional ceremonies; doing away with ceremonies which he considers to have gone obsolete.
In 1942, the Dutch Colonial Government in Indonesia was defeated by the Japanese Imperial Army. As the Japanese Imperial Army consolidated their hold on Indonesia, many suggested that Hamengkubuwono IX evacuate himself and seek asylum in Australia or the Netherlands. Hamengkubuwono IX refused this offer, insisting that Sultan has to stay close to its people in times of crisis.
Transition from Old Order to Orde Baru
During the G30S Movement, in the course of which six Generals were kidnapped from their homes and killed, Hamengkubuwono IX was present in Jakarta. That morning, with President Sukarno’s location still uncertain, Hamengkubuwono was contacted by Suharto, who was now a Major General and the Commander of Kostrad for advice. Suharto suggested that because Sukarno’s whereabouts are still unknown, Hamengkubuwono IX should form a provisional Government to help counter the movement.[3] Hamengkubuwono IX rejected the offer and contacted one of Sukarno’s many wives who confirmed Sukarno’s whereabouts.
After Suharto had received Supersemar in March 1966, Hamengkubuwono IX and Adam Malik joined him in a triumvirate to reverse Sukarno’s policies. Hamengkubuwono IX was appointed Minister of Economics, Finance, and Industry and charged with rectifying Indonesia’s Economic problems. He would hold this position until 1973.
Ever since Mohammad Hatta resigned from the Vice Presidency in December 1956, the position had remained vacant for the rest of Sukarno’s time as President. When Suharto was formally elected to the Presidency in 1968 by the People’s Consultative Assembly, it continued to remain vacant. Finally in March 1973, Hamengkubuwono IX was elected as Vice President alongside Suharto who had also been re-elected to a 2nd term as President.
Hamengkubuwono IX’s election was not a surprise as he was a popular figure in Indonesia. He was also a civilian and his election to the Vice Presidency was hoped to complement Suharto’s military background. Despite being officially elected in 1973, it can be said that Hamengkubuwono IX had been the de facto Vice President beforehand as he regularly assumed the leadership of the country whenever Suharto was out of the country.[4]
As Vice President, Hamengkubuwono IX was put in charge of welfare and was also given the duty of supervising economic development.[5] It was expected that the Suharto and Hamengkubuwono IX duet would be retained for another term. However, Hamengkubuwono IX had become disillusioned with Suharto’s increasing authoritarianism and the increasing corruption.[6]
These two elements were also recognized by protesters who had demanded that Suharto not stand for another term as President. These protests reached its peak in February 1978, when students of Bandung Technological Institute (ITB) published a book giving reasons as to why Suharto should not be elected President. In response, Suharto sent troops to take over the campus and issued a ban on the book.
As a man who believed in democracy, Hamengkubuwono could not accept what Suharto had done. In March 1978, Hamengkubuwono rejected his nomination as Vice President by the MPR. Suharto asked Hamengkubuwono to change his mind, but Hamengkubuwono continued to reject the offer and cited health as his reason for not accepting the nomination.[7] Suharto took Hamengkubuwono IX’s rejection personally and in his 1989 autobiography would claim credit for conceiving the 1 March General Offensive.
Hamengkubuwono IX had been active with Scouts from the days of the Dutch colonial government and continued to look after the movement once Indonesia became independent. In 1968, Hamengkubuwono IX was elected Head of the national Scout movement. Hamengkubuwono IX was also awarded the Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, in 1973.
Hamengkubuwono IX died at the George Washington University Medical Center in the United States on October 1, 1988 and was buried at Imogiri. There is a special museum dedicated to him in the sultan’s palace (kraton) in Yogyakarta. He was also given the title National Hero of Indonesia, a distinction for Indonesian patriots. He was replaced by his son, Raden Mas Herdjuno Darpito, who took the name Hamengkubuwono X.
Hamengkubuwono IX never had a Queen Consort during his reign; preferring instead to take four concubines from which he had 21 children.
Hamengkubuwono IX was a fan of wuxia movies and novels.[8] . He also enjoyed cooking and headed an unofficial cooking club which included Cabinet Ministers as its members.
Tags: sri sultan hamengku buwono IX, Sri Sultan HB IX
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KOMPAS.com - Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX adalah Sultan Yogyakarta kesembilan yang berperan besar dalam sejarah kemerdekaan Indonesia.
Pasalnya, ia memiliki peran dalam perjuangan mempertahankan kemerdekaan dan integrasi bangsa.
Setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia diproklamasikan, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX mengeluarkan maklumat 5 September 1945 dan membentuk Komite Nasional Indonesia Daerah di Yogyakarta.
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX juga dikenal sebagai Bapak Pramuka Indonesia yang pernah menempati jabatan penting di pemerintahan.
Seperti contohnya, ia merupakan Gubernur Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pertama setelah kemerdekaan, Wakil Presiden Indonesia kedua periode 1973-1978, dan menjabat sebagai menteri negara selama beberapa periode.
Baca juga: Amanat 5 September 1945: Bergabungnya Yogyakarta dengan NKRI
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX lahir di Ngasem, Yogyakarta, pada 12 April 1912 dengan nama asli Gusti Raden Mas Dorodjatun.
Ia merupakan putra dari Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII dan Raden Ajeng Kustilah.
Ketika baru berusia dua tahun, Dorodjatun menyandang status sebagai Putra Mahkota Yogyakarta. Kemudian, di usia empat tahun, ia telah dididik untuk tinggal terpisah dari keraton.
Dorodjatun tinggal bersama keluarga Belanda, Mulder, yang menjabat sebagai kepala sekolah Neutrale Hollands Javaanse Jongens School di daerah Gondokusuman.
Selama tinggal bersama keluarga Mulder, Dorodjatun dipanggil dengan nama Henkie, yang diambil dari nama Pangeran Belanda, Hendrik.
Nama Henkie terus melekat padanya sampai ia sekolah dan kuliah di Belanda.
Baca juga: Hoogere Burgerschool (HBS), Sekolah Menengah Umum Hindia Belanda
Transition from Old Order to New Order
During the G30S Movement, in the course of which six Generals were kidnapped from their homes and killed, Hamengkubuwono IX was present in Jakarta. That morning, with President Sukarno's location still uncertain, Hamengkubuwono was contacted by Suharto, who was now a Major General and the Commander of Kostrad for advice. Suharto suggested that because Sukarno's whereabouts are still unknown, Hamengkubuwono IX should form a provisional Government to help counter the movement.[7] Hamengkubuwono IX rejected the offer and contacted one of Sukarno's many wives who confirmed Sukarno's whereabouts.
After Suharto had received Supersemar in March 1966, Hamengkubuwono IX and Adam Malik joined him in a triumvirate to reverse Sukarno's policies. Hamengkubuwono IX was appointed Minister of Economics, Finance, and Industry and charged with rectifying Indonesia's Economic problems. He would hold this position until 1973.[citation needed]
Ever since Mohammad Hatta resigned as Vice-President in December 1956, the position had remained vacant for the rest of Sukarno's time as President. When Suharto was formally elected to the Presidency in 1968 by the People's Consultative Assembly, it continued to remain vacant. Finally in March 1973, Hamengkubuwono IX was elected as Vice President alongside Suharto who had also been re-elected to a 2nd term as President.[citation needed]
Hamengkubuwono IX's election was not a surprise as he was a popular figure in Indonesia. He was also a civilian and his election to the Vice Presidency was hoped to complement Suharto's military background. Despite being officially elected in 1973, it can be said that Hamengkubuwono IX had been the de facto Vice President beforehand as he regularly assumed the leadership of the country whenever Suharto was out of the country.[8] As Vice President, Hamengkubuwono IX was put in charge of welfare and was also given the duty of supervising economic development.[9]
It was expected that the Suharto and Hamengkubuwono IX duet would be retained for another term. However, Hamengkubuwono IX had become disillusioned with Suharto's increasing authoritarianism and the increasing corruption.[10]
These two elements were also recognized by protesters who had demanded that Suharto not stand for another term as President. These protests reached its peak in February 1978, when students of Bandung Technological Institute (ITB) published a book giving reasons as to why Suharto should not be elected President. In response, Suharto sent troops to take over the campus and issued a ban on the book.[citation needed] Hamengkubuwono could not accept what Suharto had done. In March 1978, Hamengkubuwono rejected his nomination as Vice President by the MPR. Suharto asked Hamengkubuwono to change his mind, but Hamengkubuwono continued to reject the offer and cited health as his reason for not accepting the nomination.[11]
Suharto took Hamengkubuwono IX's rejection personally and in his 1989 autobiography would claim credit for conceiving the 1 March General Offensive.[citation needed]
Hamengkubuwono IX had been active with Scouts from the days of the Dutch colonial government and continued to look after the movement once Indonesia became independent. In 1968, Hamengkubuwono IX was elected Head of the national Scout movement. Hamengkubuwono IX was also awarded the Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, in 1973.[citation needed]
Hamengkubuwono IX died at the George Washington University Medical Center in the United States on 1 October 1988 and was buried at Imogiri. There is a special museum dedicated to him in the sultan's palace (kraton) in Yogyakarta. He was also given the title National Hero of Indonesia, a distinction for Indonesian patriots. He was replaced by his son, Raden Mas Herdjuno Darpito, who took the name Hamengkubuwono X.
Hamengkubuwono IX never had a Queen Consort during his reign; preferring instead to take four concubines from which he had 21 children.[citation needed]
Hamengkubuwono IX was a fan of wuxia movies and novels.[12] He also enjoyed cooking and headed an unofficial cooking club which included Cabinet Ministers as its members.
Template:Indonesia Vice Presidents Template:National Heroes of Indonesia
id:Hamengkubuwana IX jv:Hamengkubuwana IX ms:Hamengkubuwono IX ru:Хаменгкубувоно IX
Raden Ajeng Kartini (1879-1904) is credited with starting the move for women's emancipation in Java, an island then controlled by Holland as part of the Netherlands Indies (now Indonesia). Born to the aristocracy, Kartini was privileged to be able to attend Dutch colonial schools, but was forced to quit at an early age due to Islamic law at the time. At the age of 24, she was married to a man twice her age who already had three wives. Kartini wrote letters to her friends in Holland protesting the treatment of women in Java, the practice of polygamy, and of the Dutch suppression of the island's native population. Decades later, the Indonesian state constitution promised gender equality to all its citizens, and Kartini Day continues to be celebrated on April 21 to commemorate Kartini's contribution to women's rights.
Kartini was born on April 21, 1879, in Mayong village near of Jepara, a town located in the center of the island of Java. She was born into the Javanese priyayi, or aristocracy; her father was Jepara mayor Raden Mas Adipati Ario Sosroningrat. Kartini was one of 12 children born to Raden's several wives.
Menjadi Sultan Yogyakarta
Sesampainya di Batavia pada Oktober 1939, Dorodjatun dijemput oleh keluarganya di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok.
Ia menginap di Hotel Des Indes karena dijadwalkan menghadiri acara makan malam di Istana Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Belanda bersama keluarganya.
Baca juga: Biografi Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono II
Arjuna memiliki dasanama sebagai berikut : Herjuna, Jahnawi, Sang Jisnu, Permadi sebagai nama Arjuna saat muda, Pamade, Panduputra dan Pandusiwi karena merupakan putra dari Pandu, Kuntadi karena punya panah pusaka, Palguna karena pandai mengukur kekuatan lawan, Danajaya karena tidak mementingkan harta, Prabu Kariti saat bertahta menjadi raja di kayangan Tejamaya setelah berhasil membunuh Prabu Niwatakaca, Margana karena dapat terbang tanpa sayap, Parta yang berarti berbudi luhur dan sentosa, Parantapa karena tekun bertapa, Kuruprawira dan Kurusatama karena ia adalah pahlawan di dalam baratayuda, Mahabahu karena memiliki tubuh kecil tetapi kekuatannya besar, Danasmara karena tidak pernah menolak cinta manapun, Gudakesa, Kritin, Kaliti, Kumbawali, Kumbayali, Kumbang Ali-Ali, Kuntiputra, Kurusreta, Anaga, Barata, Baratasatama, Jlamprong yang berarti bulu merak adalah panggilan kesayangan Werkudara untuk Arjuna, Siwil karena berjari enam adalah panggilan dari Prabu Kresna, Suparta, Wibaksu, Tohjali, Pritasuta, Pritaputra, Indratanaya dan Indraputra karena merupakan putra dari Batara Indra, dan Ciptaning dan Mintaraga adalah nama yang digunakan saat bertapa di gunung Indrakila. Arjuna sendiri berarti putih atau bening.
Pada saat lahir, sukma Arjuna yang berwujud cahaya yang keluar dari rahim ibunya dan naik ke kayangan Kawidaren tempat para bidadari. Semua bidadari yang ada jatuh cinta pada sukma Arjuna tersebut yang bernama Wiji Mulya. Kegemparan tersebut menimbulkan kemarahan para dewa yang lalu menyerangnya. Cahaya yang samar samar tersebut lalu berubah menjadi sesosok manusia tampan yang berpakaian sederhana.
Hilangnya sukma Arjuna dari tubuh Dewi Kunthi menyebabkan kesedihan bagi Prabu Pandu. Atas nasehat Semar, Pandu lalu naik ke kayangan dan meminta kembali putranya setelah diberi wejangan oleh Batara Guru.
Sejak muda, Arjuna sudah gemar menuntut ilmu. Ia menuntut ilmu pada siapapun. Menurutnya lingkungan masyarakat adalah gudang dari ilmu. Guru-gurunya antara lain adalah Resi Drona, dari Resi Dona ia mendapat senjata ampuh yang bernama panah Cundamanik dan Arya Sengkali, yang kedua adalah Begawan Krepa, Begawan Kesawasidi, Resi Padmanaba, dan banyak pertapa sakti lainnya. Dalam kisah Mahabarata, Arjuna berguru pada Ramaparasu, namun dalam kisah pewayangan, hal tersebut hampit tidak pernah disinggung.
Dalam pewayangan diceritakan bahwa Arjuna memiliki lebih dari 40 orang istri namun hanya beberapa saja yang terkenal dan sering di singgung dalam pedalangan. Istri-istri Arjuna adalah sebagai berikut :
- Endang Jimambang berputra Bambang Kumaladewa dan Bambang Kumalasekti
- Dewi Palupi atau Dewi Ulupi berputra Bambang Irawan
- Dewi Wara Sumbadra berputra Raden Angkawijaya atau Raden Abimanyu.
- Dewi Srikandi tidak berputra
- Dewi Ratri berputra Bambang Wijanarka
- Dewi Dresnala berputra Bambang Wisanggeni
- Dewi Juwitaningrat berputra Bambang Senggoto yang beujud raksasa
- Endang Manuhara berputri Dewi Pregiwa dan Dewi Manuwati
- Dewi Banowati berputri Endang Pergiwati (diasuh oleh Endang Manuhara)
- Dewi Larasati berputra Bambang Sumitra dan Bambang Brantalaras
- Dewi Gandawati berputra Bambang Gandakusuma
- Endang Sabekti berputra Bambang Priyembada
- Dewi Antakawulan berputra Bambang Antakadewa
- Dewi Supraba berputra Bambang Prabakusuma
- Dewi Wilutama berputra Bambang Wilugangga
- Dewi Warsiki tidak diketahui putranya
- Dewi Surendra tidak diketahui putranya
- Dewi Gagarmayang tidak diketahui putranya
- Dewi Tunjungbiru tidak diketahui putranya
- Dewi Leng-Leng Mulat tidak diketahui putranya
- Dewi Citranggada berputra Bambang Babruwahana
- Dewi Lestari tidak berputra
- Dewi Larawangen tidak berputra
- Endang Retno Kasimpar tidak berputra
- Dewi Citrahoyi tidak berputra
- Dewi Manukhara tidak berputra
Banyaknya istri yang dimiliki Arjuna ini dalam cerita pewayangan bukanlah merupakan gambaran seseorang yang serakah istri atau mata keranjang, namun gambaran bahwa Arjuna dapat menerima dan diterima oleh semua golongan.
Ketika muda, Arjuna pernah ingin memperistri Dewi Anggraini, istri Prabu Ekalaya atau juga sering disebut Prabu Palgunadi dari kerajaan Paranggelung. Saat itu Arjuna yang ingin memaksakan kehendaknya mengakibatkan Dewi Anggraini bunuh diri karena ia hanya setia pada suaminya. Prabu Ekalaya yang mengetahui hal itu menantang Arjuna, namun kehebatan Prabu Ekalaya ternyata lebih dari Arjuna. Arjuna lalu mengadu pada Drona. Ia beranggapan gurunya telah ingkar janji dengan pernah menyebutkan tidak akan pernah mengajari memanah kepada siapapun selain Arjuna. Resi Drona lalu pergi kepada Prabu Ekalaya. Prabu Ekalaya memang adalah penggemar dari Resi Drona, namun karena ia tak dapat berguru secara langsung, ia menciptakan arca Drona di istananya untuk diajak bicara dadn berlatih. Oleh Drona hal tersebut dianggap sebagai suatu hal terlarang dengan memasang arcanya di sana. Maka sebagai gantinya Resi Drona lalu meminta Cincin Mustika Ampal yang telah tertanam di ibu jari Prabu Ekalaya. Oleh drona jari tersebut lalu dipotong lalu di tempelkan pada jari Arjuna. Sejak itulah Arjuna memiliki enam jari pada tangan kanannya. Hal ini dalam bahasa Jawa disebut siwil. Saat bertemu dengan Arjuna lagi, Prabu Ekalaya kalah. Saat itu ia menyadari bahwa ia telah diperdaya, maka sebelum mati ia berkata akan membalas dendam pada Drona kelak dalam Perang Baratayuda.
Arjuna memiliki banyak sekali senjata dan aji-aji.Senjata-senjata Arjuna antara lain adalah Panah Gendewa dari Batara Agni setelah ia membantu Batara Agni melawan Batar Indra dengan membakar Hutan Kandawa, Panah Pasopati dari Kirata, seorang pemburu jelmaan Batara Guru, sebelum Arjuna membunuh Niwatakaca, Mahkota Emas dan berlian dari Batara Indra, setelah ia mengalahkan Prabu Niwatakaca dan menjadi Raja para bidadari selama tujuh hari, keris Pulanggeni, keris Kalanadah yang berasal dari taring Batara Kala, Panah Sarotama, Panah Ardadali, Panah Cundamanik, Panah Brahmasirah, Panah Angenyastra, dan Arya Sengkali, keempatnya dari Resi Drona, Minyak Jayangketon dari Begawan Wilawuk, mertuanya, pusaka Mercujiwa, panah Brahmasirah, cambuk kyai Pamuk, panah Mergading dan banyak lagi. Selain itu aji-aji yang dimiliki Arjuna adalah sebagai berikut :
- Aji Panglimunan/Kemayan : dapat menghilang
- Aji Sepiangin : dapat berjalan tanpa jejak
- Aji Tunggengmaya : dapat mencipta sumber air
- Aji Mayabumi : dapat meperbesar wibawa dalam pertempuran
- Aji Mundri/Maundri/Pangatep-atep : dapat menambah berat tubuh
- Aji Pengasihan : menjadi dikasihi sesama
- Aji Asmaracipta : menambah kemampuan olah pikir
- Aji Asmaratantra : menambah kekuatan dalam perang
- Aji Asmarasedya : manambah keteguhan hati dalam perang
- Aji Asmaraturida : meanmbah kekuatan dalam olah rasa
- Aji Asmaragama : menambah kemampuan berolah asmara
- Aji Anima : dapat menjadi kecil hingga tak dapat dilihat
- Aji Lakuna : menjadi ringan dan dapat melayang
- Aji Prapki : sampai tujuan yang diinginkan dalam sekejap mata
- Aji Matima/Sempaliputri : dapat mengubah wujudnya.
- Aji Kamawersita : dapat perkasa dalam olah asmara
Arjuna pernah membantu Demang Sagotra rukun dengan istrinya saat ia mencari nasi bungkus untuk Nakula dan Sadewa setelah peristiwa Balesigala-gala. Konon hal ini yang membuat Demang Sagotra rela menjadi tawur kemenangan Pandawa kelak dalam Perang Baratayuda Jayabinangun.
Setelah Pandawa dihadiahi hutan Kandaprasta yang terkenal angker, Arjuna bertemu dengan Begawan Wilawuk yang sedang mencarikan pria yang diimpikan putrinya. Saat itu Begawan Wilawuk yang berujud raksasa membawa Arjuna dan menikahkannya dengan putrinya, Dewi Jimambang. Konon ini adalah istri pertama dari Arjuna. Dari mertuanya, ia mendapat warisan minyak Jayangketon yang berhasiat dapat melihat makhluk halus jika dioleskan di pelupuk mata. Minyak ini berjasa besar bagi para Pandawa yang saat itu berhadapan dengan Jin Yudistira dan saudara-saudaranya yang tak dapat dilihat mata biasa. Saat itu pulalah Arjuna dapat mengalahkan Jin Dananjaya dari wilayah Madukara. Jin Danajaya lalu merasuk dalam tubuh Arjuna. Selain mendapat nama Dananjaya, Arjuna juga memperoleh wilayah kesatrian di Madukara dengan Patih Suroto sebagai patihnya.
Saat menjadi buangan selama 12 tahun di hutan setelah Puntadewa kalah dalam permainan dadu Arjuna pernah pergi untuk bertapa di gunung Indrakila dengan nama Begawan Mintaraga. Dia saat yang sama Prabu Niwatakaca dari kerajaan Manimantaka yang meminta Dewi Supraba yang akan dijadikan istrinya. Saat itu tak ada seorang dewapun yang dapat menandingi kehebatan Prabu Niwatakaca dan Patihnya Ditya Mamangmurka. Menurut para dewa, hanya Arjunalah yang sanggup menaklukan raja raksasa tersebut. Batara Indra lalu mengirim tujuh bidadari untuk memberhentikan tapa dari Begawan Mintaraga. Ketujuh bidadari tersebut adalah Dewi Supraba sendiri, Dewi Wilutama, Dewi Leng-leng Mulat, Dewi Tunjungbiru, Dewi Warsiki, Dewi Gagarmayang dan Dewi Surendra. Tetapi ketujuh bidadari tersebut tetap saja tidak berhasil menggerakkan sang pertapa dari tempat duduknya. Setelah ketujuh bidadari tersebut kembali ke kayangan dan melaporkan kegagalannya, tiba-tiba munculah seorang raksasa besar yang mengobrak-abrik gunung Indrakila. Oleh Ciptaning, Buta tersebut di sumpah menjadi seekor babi hutan. Lalu babi hutan tersebut dipanahnya. Disaat yang bersamaan panah seorang pemburu yang bernama Keratapura. Setelah melalui perdebatan panjang dan perkelahian, ternyata Arjuna kalah. Arjuna lalu sadar bahwa yang dihadapinya tersebut adalah Sang Hyang Siwa atau Batara Guru. Ia lalu menyembah Batara Guru. Oleh Bataar Guru Arjuna diberi panah Pasopati dan diminta mengalahkan Prabu Niwatakaca.
Ternyata mengalahkan Prabu Niwatakaca tidak semudah yang dibayangkan. Arjuna lalu meminta bantuan Batari Supraba. Dengan datangnya Dewi Supraba ke tempat kediaman Prabu Niwatakaca, membuat sang Prabu sangat senang karena ia memang telah keseng-sem dengan sang dewi. Prabu Niwatakaca yang telah lupa daratan tersebut menjawab semua pertanyaan Dewi Supraba, sedang Arjuna bersembunyi di dalam gelungnya. Pertanyaan tersebut diantaranya adalah dimana letak kelemahan Prabu Niwatakaca, sang Prabu dengan tenang menjawab, kelemahannya ada di lidah. Seketika itu Arjuna muncul dan melawan Prabu Niwatakaca. Karena merasa di permainkan, Prabu Niwatakaca membanting Arjuna dan mengamuk sejadi-jadinya. Saat itu Arjuna hanya berpura-pura mati. Ketika Niwatakaca tertawa dan sesumbar akan kekuatannya, Arjuna lalu melepaskan panah Pasopatinya tepat kedalam mulut sang prabu dan tewaslah Niwatakaca.
Arjuna lalu diangkat menjadi raja di kayangan Tejamaya, tempat para bidadari selama tujuh hari (satu bulan di kayangan = satu hari di dunia). Arjuna juga boleh memilih 40 orang bidadari untuk menjadi istrinya dimana ketujuh bidadari yang menggodanya juga termasuk dalam ke-40 bidadari tersebut dan juga Dewi Dresnala, Putri Batara Brahma. Selain itu Arjuna juga mendapat mahkota emas berlian dari Batara Indra, panah Ardadali dari Batara Kuwera, dan banyak lagi. Arjuna juga diberi kesempatan untuk mengajukan suatu permintaan. Permintaan Arjuna tersebut adalah agar Pandawa jaya dalam perang Baratayuda. Hal ini menimbulkan kritik keras dari Semar yang merupakan pamong Arjuna yang menganggap Arjuna kurang bijaksana. Menurut Semar, Arjuna seharusnya tidak egois dengan memikirkan diri sendiri dan tidak memikirkan keturunan Pandawa lainnya. Dan memang benar, kesemua Putra Pandawa yang terlibat dalam Perang Baratayuda tewas.
Di saat Arjuna sedang duduk-duduk tiba-tiba datanglah Dewi Uruwasi. Dewi Uruwasi yang telah jatuh cinta terhadap Arjuna meminta dijadikan istrinya. Arjuna menolak secara halus, namun Dewi Uruwasi yang sudah buta karena cinta tetap mendesak. Karena Arjuan tetap menolak, Dewi Uruwasi mengutuknya akan menjadi banci kelak. Arjuna yang sedih dengan kutukan tersebut dihibur Batara Indra. Menurut Batara Indra hal tersebut akan berguna kelak dan tak perlu disesali.Setelah kembali dari Kayangan, Arjuna dan saudara-saudaranya harus menyamar di negri Wirata. Dan disinilah kutukan Dewi Uruwasi berguna. Arjuna lalu menjadi guru tari dan kesenian, dan menjadi banci yang bernama Kendri Wrehatnala. Di akhir penyamarannya, Arjuna kembali menjadi seorang ksatria dan mengusir para kurawa yang ingin mnghancurkan kerajaan Wirata. Arjuna lalu akan dikawinkan dengan Dewi Utari namun Arjuna meminta agar Dewi Utari dikawinkan dengan putranya yaitu Raden Abimanyu.
Kendati Arjuna adalah seorang berbudi luhur namun ia tetap tidak dapat luput dari kesalahan. Hal ini menyangkut hal pilih kasih. Saat putranya Bambang Sumitra akan menikah dengan Dewi Asmarawati, Arjuna terlihat acuh tak acuh. Oleh Semar, lalu acara tersebut diambil alih sehingga pesta tersebut berlangsung dengan sangat meriah dengan mengadirkan dewa-dewa dan dewi-dewi dari kayangan. Arjuna kemudian sadar akan kekhilafannya dalam hal pilih-pilih kasih. Suatu pelajaran yang dapat dipetik disini adalah sebagai orang tua hendaknya tidak memilih-milih kasih pada anak-anaknya.
Dalam perang Baratayuda Arjuna menjadi senopati Agung Pandawa yang berhasil membunuh banyak satriya Kurawa dan juga senotapi-senopati lainnya. Yang tewas di tangan Arjuna antara lain Raden Jayadrata yang telah membunuh putra kesayangannya yaitu Abimanyu, Prabu Bogadenta, Raden Citraksa, Raden Citraksi, Raden Burisrawa, dan Adipati Karna.
Masih dalam Baratayuda, Arjuna yang baru saja kehilangan putra kesayangannya menjadi kehilangan semangat, ditambah lagi guru dan saudara-saudaranya satu-persatu gugur di medan Kurusetra. Prabu Kresna lalu memberi nasihat bahwa dalam perang itu tidak ada kawan-lawan, kakak-adik ataupun guru-murid semuanya adalah takdir dan harus dijalani. Ajaran ini dikenal dengan nama Bagawat Gita. Yang membuat semangat ksatria penengah pandawa tersebut kembali menyala saat akan berhadapan dengan Adipati Karna, saudara tua seibu.
Setelah Perang Baratayuda berakhir, Dewi Banowati yang memang telah lama berselingkuh dengan Arjuna kemudian diperistrinya. Sebelumnya Arjuna telah memiliki seorang putri dari Dewi Banowati. Di saat yang sama Prabu Duryudana yang mulai curiga dengan hubungan istrinya dan Arjuna lalu berkata bahwa jika yang lahir bayi perempuan, itu adalah putri dari Arjuna dan Banowati akan diusir tetapi jika itu laki-laki maka itu adalah putranya. Saat bayi tersebut lahir ternyata adalah seorang perempuan. Banowati sangat panik akan hal itu. Namun atas pertolongan Kresna, bayi tersebut ditukar sebelum Prabu Duryudana melihatnya. Bayi perempuan yang lalu diasuh oleh Dewi Manuhara, istri Arjuna yang lain kemudian di beri nama Endang Pergiwati. Karena kelahirannya hampir sama dengan putri Dewi Manuhara yang bernama Endang Pergiwa, lalu keduanya di aku kembar. Sedang untuk putra dari Dewi Banowati dan Prabu Duryudana, Prabu Kresna mengambil seorang anak gandrawa dan diberi nama Lesmana Mandrakumara. Karena ia adalah anak gandrawa yang dipuja menjadi manusia, maka Lesmana Mandrakumara memiliki perwatakan yang cengeng dan agak tolol. Malang bagi Dewi Banowati, pada malam ia sedang mengasuh Parikesit, ia dibunuh oleh Aswatama yang bersekongkol dengan Kartamarma dan Resi Krepa untuk membunuh Parikesit yang masih Bayi. Dihari yang sama Dewi Srikandi, dan Pancawala juga dibunuh saat sedang tidur. Untunglah bayi parikesit yang menangis lalu menendang senjata Pasopati yang di taruh Arjuna di dekatnya dan membunuh Aswatama.
Arjuna yang sedang sedih karena Banowati telah dibunuh bersama Dewi Srikandi lalu mencari seorang putri yang mirip dengan Dewi Banowati. Putri tersebut adalah Dewi Citrahoyi, istri Prabu Arjunapati yang juga murid dari prabu Kresna. Prabu Kresna yang tanggap akan hal itu lalu meminta Prabu Arjunapati menyerahkan istrinya pada Arjuna. Prabu Arjunapati yang tersinggung akan hal itu menantang Prabu Kresna berperang dan dalam pertempuran itu Prabu Arjunapati gugur sampyuh dengan Patih Udawa dan Dewi Citrahoyi lalu menjadi istri Arjuna.
Setelah penguburan para pahlawan yang gugur dalam perang Baratayuda dan pengangkatan Prabu Puntadewa menjadi raja Astina dengan gelar Prabu Kalimataya, Arjuna melaksanakan amanat kakaknya dengan mengadakan Sesaji Korban Kuda atau disebut Sesaji Aswameda. Arjuna yang diiringi sepasukan tentara Astina lalu mengikuti seekor kuda kemanapun kuda itu berjalan dan kerajaan-kerajaan yang dilewati kuda tersebut harus tunduk pada Astina, jika tidak Arjuna dan pasukannya akan menyerang kerajaan tersebut. Semua kerajaan yang dilewati kuda tersebut ternyata dapat dikalahkan. Arjuna lalu kembali ke Astina dan akhir hidupnya diceritakan mati moksa dengan keempat saudaranya dan Dewi Drupadi.
